Islamic Courts Union

Islamic Courts Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Islamic Courts Union (ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga, ... Main articles: Second Battle of Mogadishu and Rise of the Islamic Courts Union (2006) ...
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Advance of the Islamic Courts Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Advance of the Islamic Courts Union is the period in the Somali Civil War ... The Islamic Courts Union Opens a New Chapter in Somalia's Political History PINR ...
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Union of Islamic Courts: News & Videos about Union of Islamic Courts ...
At least 47 people have been killed in a series of violent incidents in ... in Somalia affiliated with the Islamic Courts Union are taking power from clan ...
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Leadership Profile: Somalia's Islamic Courts Union
A union of Islamic courts has taken control of the lawless capital, Mogadishu. ... loyal to the Supreme Council of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), headed ...
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YouTube - Remembering the Union of Islamic Courts
A brief history or remembrance of the union of Islamic courts who restored hope, peace development in the six months they reigned in Somalia.
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Online NewsHour: Update | A Profile of Somalia's Islamic Court Militia ...
... of Extremist Future for Somalia: Islamic militias that recently took control ... Since then, the Islamic Courts Union has come to be seen among Somalia's ...
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The Jamestown Foundation
Leadership Profile: Somalia's Islamic Courts Union ... A union of Islamic courts has taken control of the lawless capital, Mogadishu. ...
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Somalia factions begin talks - Africa
Gunmen from the Islamic Courts Union militia parade through the town of Balad ... The Islamic Courts Union militiamen still face fierce opposition from a clan ...
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Somalia's new Islamic leadership | open Democracy News Analysis
... nuanced United States response to the success of the Islamic courts militias in Somalia could help the country and save ... the Union of Islamic Courts has ...
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YouTube - Union of Islamic Courts Leader Sheikh Sharif 15 April07 Pt-1
not to be cruel but is this islamic courts union a terrorists group or not ... Union of Islamic Courts Leader Sheikh Sharif 15... Added: April 28, 2008 (Less info) ...
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{{Infobox_Country||native_name = Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga اتحاد المحاكم الإسلاميةIslamic Courts Union|common_name = Islamic Courts Union|image_flag = Icu flag.svg|image_coat = ICU seal.svg|image_map = 2006 ICU.png|national_motto = There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah|national_anthem =|official_languages = Somali language and Arabic|latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= ||largest_city = [Mogadishu [krytocracy|leader_name2 = [Sharif Sheikh Ahmed|sovereignty_note = Sought to establish unified Somali government|established_event1 = Established|established_event2 = Dissolved|established_date1 = [June 6, 2006, [2006|currency_code = SOS|country_code = so|time_zone = [East Africa Time|utc_offset = +3|time_zone_DST = not observed|utc_offset_DST = +3|cctld = .so: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga, [Arabic language: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim al-islāmiyya) was a group of Sharia Courts who united themselves to form a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFG) of Somalia, with Sharif Ahmed as head of the ICU. They are also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), Somalia Islamic Courts Council (SICC) or the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts (SCIC) and Western media often refer to the group as the Somali people Islamism.

Until the end of 2006, they controlled most of southern Somalia and the vast majority of its population, including most major cities such as Jowhar, Kismayo, Beledweyne, and the capital Mogadishu. Only the arid Northern regions (Puntland, Somaliland), and the furthest interior regions of the south were outside their control. In December 2006, the ICU lost much territory after defeats at the battles of Battle of Baidoa, Battle of Bandiradley, and Battle of Beledweyne, retreating to the capital, Mogadishu. On December 28 they abandoned Mogadishu, leaving the city in chaos while they moved south towards Kismayo, which allowed the TFG and Ethiopian troops to take over the city. After a stand at the Battle of Jilib, the ICU abandoned the city of Kismayo on January 1, 2007. Stripped of almost all their territory, it is speculated the ICU will pursue guerrilla-style warfare against the government.

History Before the second battle of Mogadishu After the collapse of the Somali government in 1991, a system of sharia-based Islamic courts became the main judicial system, funded through fees paid by litigants. Over time the courts began to offer other services such as education and health care. The courts also acted as local police forces, being paid by local businesses to reduce crime. The Islamic courts took on the responsibility for halting robberies and illegal drugs-dealing, as well as stopping the showing of what it claims to be pornography films in local movie houses. Somalia is almost entirely Muslim, and these institutions initially had wide public support. The early years of the courts include such outfits as Sheikh Ali Dheere's, established in north Mogadishu in 1994 and the Beled Weyene court initiated in 1996. They soon saw the sense in working together through a joint committee to promote security. This move was initiated by four of the courts - Ifka Halan, Circolo, Warshadda and Hararyaale - who formed a committee to co-ordinate their affairs, to exchange criminals from different clans and to integrate security forces. In 1999 the group began to assert its authority. Supporters of the Islamic courts and other institutions united to form the ICU, an armed militia. In April of that year they took control of the main market in Mogadishu and, in July, captured the road from Mogadishu to Afgoi. Their system of government, controlled by judges, is known as a krytocracy.

Eritrean assistance According to the United Nations and various sources the Eritrean government started to arm and finance ICU for many years. Along with Ethiopian rebels; like OLF, according to a BBC 1999 report, Eritrea sent "shiploads" of arms to the ICU and other rebels in Southern Somalia. It also reported that the Eritrean government sent "Eritrean advisers" as well as Eritrean "engineers and mine-laying experts." After many denials from the Eritrean side, the deadlock ended when the Islamic Courts Union leader Aweys admitted that the Eritrean government has been assisting ICU. After the Somali transitional government defeated the Islamists and took Mogadishu, the Somali Prime Minister alleged Eritrean soldiers were captured in Mogadishu. Additional Eritrean fighters were allegedly killed by Somali security officers in June 2007. A governor of one of Somalia's southern districts further confirmed the continued alliance of Eritrean fighters with Al-Qaeda & ICU militants.

According to Los Angeles Times, various ICU fighters were caught before they tried to escape to Eritrea. Many of the ICU leadership and jihadist leaders are believed to have found refuge in Eritrea.

Other Foreign fighters Various foreign fighters were said to be helping the ICU. Particularly since suicide bombing tactics are not common even among extremist Somali muslims, the rise of self-sacrificing bombers indicated deeper foreign jihadist assistance. In January, Somalia said they defeated as well as arrested many Arab fighters. Also in June, many foreign pro-ICU fighters were trying to run away by boats when they were detected in the Puntland region. The governor of the region told the media that the Islamist fighters arrived to cause trouble and assured that the Puntland troops were searching for them. Puntland adminstration detected Arab fighters in the coastal area The U.S. military also targeted more jihadist and Al-Queda cells, particularly the bombers of U.S. embassy in Kenya. According to BBC, the Pentagon said a high level Al-Qaeda member from the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) was captured in Somalia and transferred to the US military prison in Guantanamo Bay.

After conquering Mogadishu In the year 2000, the courts formed a union of Islamic courts, partly to consolidate resources and power and partly to aid in handing down decisions across, rather than within, clan lines.Kristina Nwazota, Islamist Control of Mogadishu Raises Concern of Extremist Future for Somalia, Online NewsHour, June 8 2006 Yet the ICU remained firmly established in the Hawiye clan.{{cite news]|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/world/story.html?id=0f42729c-c9a0-4000-8b26-6f2b1a321fb9&k=87889|date=2007-01-09 [warlords who controlled most of the city. In reaction to the growing power of the ICU, a group of Mogadishu warlords formed the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT). This was a major change, as these warlords had been fighting each other for many years. By the beginning of 2006, these two groups had clashed repeatedly, and in May 2006 it escalated into Second Battle of Mogadishu, claiming the lives of more than 300 people. On 5 June 2006, the ICU claimed that they were in control of Mogadishu.Lacey, Mark, Islamic militias take control of Somali capital, The New York Times, 5 June 2006

Meanwhile, in the United States the George W. Bush George W. Bush administration neither confirmed nor denied support for either side. However, it was reported that American officials had anonymously confirmed that the U.S. government was funding the ARPCT, due to concerns that the ICU is linked to al-Qaeda and is sheltering three al-Qaeda leaders involved in past terror attacks, including the 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.Lacey, Mark, Somali Islamists Declare Victory; Warlords on Run, New York Times, 6 June 2006

On 6 June 2006 the ICU further claimed it was in control of all the lands up to 100 kilometers (62 miles) inland from Mogadishu. The warlords were reported to have either been captured or to have fled the city, abandoning most of their weapons, with the majority fleeing to Jowhar, which was taken by the ICU militia on 14 June. Somali Islamists capture key town, BBC News, 13 June 2006 This brought ICU in control of much of the weaponry in the country, which made a resurgence by the warlords difficult without outside support. The ICU also controlled significant territory outside the capital, including the important town of Balad, Somalia. In mid-August, ICU militiamen swept into the port town of Hobyo, 500 kilometers north of Mogadishu, meeting no opposition. Somali Islamists seize key port South African Mail and Guardian, 16 August 2006 The ICU organized a clean-up campaign for the streets of Mogadishu on 20 July. This was the first time litter and rubbish had been collected in the entire city since it collapsed into chaos over a decade earlier. Ethiopian troops on Somali soil, BBC News, 20 July 2006

On July 15 2006, the Islamic Courts reopened Mogadishu international airport, which had been closed since the withdrawal of the international forces in 1995. The first airplane chartered by the Arab League flew from the airport for the first time in 11 years picking up Islamic Courts delegates to the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.Mohamed Abdi Farah, Somalia: Reopening of Mogadishu's airport welcomed, Somalinet, July 15 2006

On August 15 2006, the ICU captured Haradhere, some 500km northeast of Mogadishu, which had become a safe haven for pirates, who had forced shipping firms and international organisations to pay large ransoms for the release of vessels and crews. SOMALIA: Transitional govt, Islamic courts agree to talks, IRIN, August 15 2006

On August 25, 2006 the Islamic Courts reopened historic Mogadishu seaport, which was formerly one of the busiest in East Africa but had been shut down for 10 years. First ship arrives in Mogadishu, BBC, August 25 2006

On October 5, 2006 the Islamic Courts declared the formation of the supreme Islamic Sharia court of Banadir province, ending all tribal Islamic Courts in the capital.Mohamed Abdi Farah, Somalia: Islamists set up central Islamic court in the capital, Somalinet, October 2 2006

War with Ethiopia On December 8, 2006, the Islamic Courts Union claimed to have been involved in heavy fighting with Somali transitional government forces, backed by Ethiopian troops. On December 21, heavy fighting erupted between ICU forces and Ethiopian-backed forces. The battles happened initially in two areas - the military base of Daynuunay and the military base of Iidale.

The ICU made calls for jihad against Ethiopia, Somali hardliner calls for foreign jihadists which were met by international mujahideen volunteers arriving in Somalia.

The ICU lost a considerable amount of territory after defeats at the December 20 - December 26 battles of Battle of Baidoa, Bay region, Battle of Bandiradley, in Mudug, and Battle of Beledweyne, Hiran region, retreating to the capital, Mogadishu.

Resignation of leadership On December 27, 2006, after a brief skirmish earlier in the day at the Battle of Jowhar, the leaders of the ICU, including Sheiks Hassan Dahir Aweys, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed and Abdirahman Janaqow resigned in a capitulation recognizing the new state of affairs in Somalia. They issued the following decisions:

1. It is national duty to protect the sovereignty and the integrity of Somalia and its people.2. The ICU allows that Somalis should have the option to determine their future and would be ready for taking over the responsibility.3. The Islamic Courts Union agreed not to allow anyone to create violence in Mogadishu and anybody that is found guilty would be brought before the law and would be taken for the suitable punishment according to the Islamic Sharia.4. The ICU fighters are responsible for establishing the security and stability in the Somalian capital Mogadishu.5. Lastly, the ICU is calling on all the Islamic fighters in Somalia, where ever they may be, to maintain security and stability in their localities and get ready in the police stations and other security installations. Somalia: ICU leaders resign as Ethiopian army nears the capital SomaliNet

On December 28, the ICU Fall of Mogadishu. Somali Prime Minister Ali Mohamad Gedi stated the legislature would shortly declare a period of martial law.

Pursuit of the ICU After abandoning control of Mogadishu, leaders from the ICU proceeded to War in Somalia (2006–present)#Control of the Juba Valley including the towns of Jilib and Kismayo. Days later, on December 31 Ethiopian and Somali forces Battle of Jilib, after which the Islamists Fall of Kismayo.

In January 2007, as the ICU retreated, its leaders vowed to wage guerrilla war. They were pursued to Ras Kamboni, where they were Battle of Ras Kamboni by Ethiopian and Somali TFG forces. Kenyan and US forces enforced a border patrol and naval blockade, followed by US airstrikes against suspected Al Qaeda members embedded within the ICU militias.{{cite news]|date=2007-01-09, a report by Somali presidential chief of staff, [Abdirizak Hassan stated the US airstrikes had killed Al Qaeda member Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, and leaders of the Islamic Courts Union including Abduallahi Moalim Ali (former chief of security for Mogadishu), Abdirahman Janaqow, and a third unidentified person. The bodies had reportedly been recovered by Ethiopian military personnel.{{cite news]|accessdate=2007-01-10-->Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was later confirmed by US forces to have survived the US air raid on 8 January, 2007.

Europe-based terror cells Terrorist cells in Somalia that were hiding & training foreign terrorists, who were planning attacks in the UK, were unmasked in June 2007. terrorist cells targetting Europe unveiled After Ethiopia and the Somalia government drove out the Islamic Courts Union various terrorist cells were discovered and attacked with the help of American planes in neighboring Djibouti. al-qaeda somali cells[http://worlddefensereview.com/pham062107.shtml east africa al-qaeda According to US Department of State, a number of al-Qaida terrorists, responsible for the 1998 bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, are in Somalia. 1998 embassy bombings and Islamic Courts union In the latest raid targeting terrorist cells, "key intelligence about terrorists still planning attacks in the UK and elsewhere in Europe" were uncovered. terrorists in Somalia planning attacks in the UK and elsewhere in Europe found

Islamist insurgency After their fall from power, many Islamist militiamen went into hiding. Many attacks were carried out against Ethiopian and TFG troops, and the group was reformed as the Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations (PRM).

Structure and composition Background Current Event: The ICU has undergone dramatic and rapid changes. Given their loss of control over Mogadishu and much of the rest of the country, this section may refer to the organization in the past tense. This reflects how the courts were run prior to their retreat from Mogadishu. However, the ICU is still an existing organization. The status of their leaders and their present organization may be subject to change and speculation.

The ICU is a union of Sharia law courts. These courts formed out of the chaos of the 1990s to administer justice in the districts in which they were established. Due to the chaos in Somalia, each court maintained a large militia to act as both police force and military. In February 2006, 11 of these courts chose to pool their military resources in order to take over Mogadishu. (See Second Battle of Mogadishu)

Each member of the ICU is a Sharia judge in charge of a specified court in a particular district of Somalia, and it is up to him to determine how Sharia law is enforced. These interpretations can either be very literal or very broad, with various Hadiths being either regarded or disregarded, and correspondingly has led to varying levels of liberty and repression. Some courts do not enforce beyond what the Quran requires; others have beaten people for watching bollywood and western movies or playing "licentious" music. One famous allegation that was cited numerous times, yet was denied by the ICU, was that there was a ban on the viewing of football (soccer) matches. World Cup ban in Mogadishu denied BBC News

In order to organize the courts into a more coherent organization, rather than a like-minded collection of independent judges, a "Supreme Islamic Court of Banadir" was created, with the most senior judges forming this high court. This court dealt with wide issues, as well as foreign relations, and commanded the ICU military forces as a whole. The chairman of the Supreme Islamic Court is Sharif Sheikh Ahmed. A consultative Shura council chaired by Sheikh Hassan Aweys approved the decisions made by the Supreme Islamic Court, and therefore was called the "real power" in the ICU, though the Shura could not act unilaterally. In simplistic terms, this made Ahmed the "President" of the ICU and Aweys the "Prime Minister". When Ahmed was otherwise indisposed (visiting a foreign country, ill, etc.) Sheikh Abdirahman Janaqow was the Acting Chairman.

Below the Supreme Council and Shura Council are the regional courts spread throughout the country, which govern over the day to day issues of justice and law. These courts have enormous independence, and so the laws and regulations in ICU territory can vary wildly from town to town based on the particular moderation or radicalism of the local court.

ICU Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed is seen as a moderate and repeatedly declared the objective of the ICU was the restoration of order after 15 years of violence. However, of the eleven courts composing the Union, two had reputations as radical. One was led by Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, who is on the U.S. list of terrorism suspects as the former head of the al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI) group, which has been linked to al-Qaeda. Western diplomats are also concerned by a second leader, Adan Hashi Ayro, who was trained in Afghanistan and whose militia has been implicated in the deaths of five foreign aid workers and a BBC producer. Suspects from the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings are believed to be hiding in Somalia, and to be aided by the ICU . There were also been reports of foreign mujahideen fighting alongside the ICU. In response, the U.S. provided funding for the ARPCT due to these fears. However, Somalia has little history of radical Islam and the ICU had not embraced the most extreme forms of Islamic law, such as amputation of thieves' hands.Santoro, Lara, Islamic clerics combat lawlessness in Somalia, Christian Science Monitor, 13 July 1999

Hizbul Shabaab The Hizbul Shabaab, also known as Al-Shabaab, or simply as "Shabaab", is the Youth Wing of the ICU. It is a radical and somewhat independent organization under the ICU umbrella which is integrated quite tightly with the ICU armed forces, acting as a sort of "special forces" for the ICU.

The Shabab has caused difficulties for the ICU in maintaining a good international image on a number of occasions due to their hot-headedness and zealousness, such as abducting critical journalists, harassing overly-hip youngsters, and most infamously, murdering wounded Juba Valley Alliance soldiers in a Bu'aale hospital. Sorry is not enough for barbaric killing in hospital beds Somalinet

The ICU formally apologized for each of the incidents, and attempted to make it clear that these actions did not reflect ICU policy. Nevertheless, these incidents gave their opponents excellent propaganda ammunition, and aided the global perception of the ICU being like the Taliban.

Relationship to other Somali powers The major powers in Somalia included the Transitional Federal Government, the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA) in the south, plus the autonomous Puntland in the northeast and self-declared independent Somaliland in the northwest. In the midst of the conflict, Galmudug was formed in direct response to stem the rise of the ICU. The ICU was opposed by all the other factions, except for Somaliland, which remained generally neutral throughout the conflict.

As a result of the collapse of the warlords' power, the four warlord representatives in the transitional government were stripped of their cabinet posts. The transitional government is based in Baidoa, 250 kilometers from Mogadishu. After the ICU victory in Mogadishu, the transitional government voted to request foreign peacekeepers from the African Union in a mission known as IGASOM. The African Union supports the transitional government, though it did not provide forces to defend it against the advances of the ICU. The ICU rejected the need for peacekeepers, arguing Somalia needs aid, not more external troops. The Interim Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi stated he wished to meet with the ICU leaders. Somalia: Islamic courts again warn of foreign troops in Somalia, SomaliNet News, 15 June 2006 This resulted in the Treaty of Khartoum of 5 September 2006, in which it was agreed the ICU and the Transitional Government would be merged; however, the ICU insisted on the precondition Ethiopian troops would leave the country beforehand. Ethiopian forces did not withdraw, and the treaty agreement fell apart.

The JVA was overrun in the south, and Kismayo was taken. The remaining JVA forces aligned themselves immediately with the TFG. In December 2006—January 2007, as part of the TFG's army, they retook the lost territory of the south.

In November 2006 the Islamic Courts said Puntland's forces had carried out a pre-emptive strike against their fighters who were gathering on the edge of Puntland near Galinsoor. Islamic Courts clash with Puntland, Al Jazeera, 06 November 2006 The government of Puntland has vowed to resist any attack by the Islamic Courts. Puntland 'to fight Islamic courts', Al Jazeera, 21 November 2006 Later, Puntland entered into combat with the ICU at the Battle of Bandiradley, which expelled the ICU from the central interior.

Individual Islamic Courts {| class="wikitable" width="100%"|-! Court Name - Location! Clan Representation! Judge! Ideology|-| Court of Banadir for Returning Forcefully Taken Fixed Assets| Various| 11 judges chaired by Dr. Omar Abdalla Ali| Various|-| Court for Verdict in Banadir| Various| 12 judges chaired by Abdirahman Hassan Omar| Various|-| Court of Banadir Province| Various| 12 judges chaired by Dr. Hussein Abdi Elmi| Various|-| Ifka Halan - Mogadishu, Banadir| Ayanle, Ayr, Habr Gidir, Hawiye| Hassan Dahir 'Aweys'|-| Huruwa - Mogadishu, Banadir| Abiyse, Ayr, Habr-Gidir, Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Suuq Xoolaha - Mogadishu, Banadir| Ayr, Habr Gidir, Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Karan - Mogadishu, Banadir| Daud Wabuudaan, Abgal, Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Medina - Mogadishu, Banadir| Daud Wabuudaan, Abgal, Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Towfiq - Mogadishu, Banadir| Waesle Abgal-Hawiye| ?| ?|-| SiiSii - Mogadishu, Banadir| Agonyar Harti Abgal-Hawiye| [Sharif Sheikh Ahmad|-| Harariyale - Mogadishu, Banadir| Murosade Abgal-Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Dabaqayn - Mogadishu, Banadir| Duduble, Abgal, Hawiye| ?| [Salafi|-| Yaqshid - Mogadishu, Banadir| Harti, Abgal, Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Tabuuk - Mogadishu, Banadir| Baadi Cadde| ?| ?|-| Al-Hudaa - Mogadishu, Banadir| Shiikhaal| ?| ?|-| Milk Factory - Mogadishu, Banadir| Duduble| ?| ?|-| Al Bayaan - Mogadishu, Banadir| Digil-Mirifle, Rahanweyn| Mohamed Ibrahim Bilal| ?|-| Al-Furqan - Mogadishu, Banadir| [Sacad, Hawiye]|-| ? - Marka, Lower Shabelle| Habar-Gidir-Ayr-Hawiye| [Yusuf Mohamed Siyaad 'Indha Adde'|-| ? - Beletweyne, Hiraan| Hawadle-Hawiye| Farah Moallim Mohamud| ? (Qutubi?)|-| ? - Beletweyne, Hiraan| Galjel-Hawiye| ?| ?|-| ? - Adado, Galgadud| Saleeban-Habr Gedir-Hawiye| ?| ?|-| Alfaruq - Jalalaqsi, Hiraan| ?| Mohammed Rashid Ibrahim| ? (Banned smoking, Salafi?)|-| ? - Afmadow, Lower Juba| Sade-Marehan-Darod| ?| ?|-| ? - Jilib, Middle Juba| ?| Mohamed Omar Mursal| ?|-| ? - Barawe, Lower Shabelle| ?| ?| ?|-| ? - Jawil, Hiraan| Ujeedeen-Hawiye| ?| ?|-| ? - Buulo Barde, Hiraan| ? (Hawiye?)| Hussein Barre Rage| [Salafi, Habar Gidir, Hawiye| Abdullahi Siad Qeyre| ?|-| ? - North Galcayo, Mudug (Puntland)| Majertain?-Darod| Ahmed Yusuf| ?|-| ? - Kismayo, Lower Jubba| Ogaden, Darood| [Hassan Turki|-| Imamu Shafici - Abudwaq, Galgadud| Marehan, Darod| Ali Bashir| ?|}

Suicide bombers While the Transitional Somali government was still in Baidoa, various suicide attacks were targeted against the ministers by the ICU. After the defeat of the Islamic Courts Union, some suicide bombers were mixed with the insurgency against the Somali government forces and AU forces. In early May 2007, an ICU suicide bomber was caught by the African Union forces stationed at the Mogadishu seaport. ICU suicide bomber captured Another suicide bomber of the Islamic Courts Union also made a Martyr video tape adopting Al-Qaeda's tactics. Islamists in Somali use Al-Qaida tactics a Somali Islamic insurgent create suicide videoThe video showed a man praying from the Koran before bombing himself, exploding near Ethiopian troops and Somali government forces. Islamist fighter bombing himself Another suicide bomber striked the Somali PM's house killing around 5 people and wounding many in June, 2007. suicide bomber attacks PM's house The Prime Minister was not harmed.In a sign of worsening conditions, a Somali Islamic leaders said "jihad is all we need. There is no political process we can be involved in unless we get a government practicing Sharia. Our aim is to liberate our country from the Christian invaders and those who assist them, and I assure you that the holy war against them will not stop until the Islamic flag is raised." Islamist says more jihad and holy war is necessary

Noted ICU leaders









Social policies The Islamic Courts' original mission was to bring social justice and combat iniquity. However, after capturing Mogadishu, its mission transformed into imposing Sharia law all over Somalia and changing the constitution.

In the year 2000, the courts formed a union of Islamic courts, partly to consolidate resources and power and partly to aid in handing down decisions across, rather than within, clan lines.Kristina Nwazota, Islamist Control of Mogadishu Raises Concern of Extremist Future for Somalia, Online NewsHour, June 8 2006

In an interview featured in the BBC Online Somali section in June 2006, Sheik Sharif Shaykh Ahmed said "the union of Islamic courts was established to ensure that Somali people suffering for 15 years would gain peace and full justice and freedom from the anarchic rule of warlords who refuted their people to no direction."After capturing Mogadishu, the Islamic Courts had enacted a series of decrees and laws that had temporarily brought hope for Somali expatriates, local minorities and women.





Alleged military support to the ICU In November 2006, a UN arms monitoring group released information that all groups in Somalia were given logistical support by a dozen countries.{{cite web | title =Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1676 (2006) | date =[November 2006 | url =http://www.cfr.org/publication/12021/ | format =Microsoft Word Doc | accessdate =2006-01-05 --> Those countries claimed those allegations. These are the allegations documented by the UN monitoring group:























Alleged recruitment of Kenyan Muslims On January 10, 2007, Kenyan North Eastern Provincial Commissioner (PC), Kiritu Wamae revealed the circulation of an intelligence report with the names of up to 4,000 Kenyan Muslim youths who were induced to join the ranks of the Somali Islamic Courts Union's jihad by offers of $400. The majority of the youths were from Garissa district. Scores were killed in the fighting. Others now seeking to return to Kenya may face treason charges. Leaders of the Council of Imam and Preachers of Kenya (CIPK) and the Supreme Council of Kenya Muslim (Supkem) voiced vehement objections to the PC's allegations, and threatened to hold protests in a week.{{cite news]|url=http://www.eastandard.net/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143963554|date=2007-01-10|accessdate=2007-01-11 -->

Notes and references

See also

External links



BBC NEWS | Africa | Profile: Somalia's Islamic Courts
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Islamic Courts Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Advance of the Islamic Courts Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Advance of the Islamic Courts Union is the period in the Somali Civil War that began on May 2006 with the Islamic Courts Union 's (ICU) conquest of Mogadishu from the Alliance ...

International Crisis Group - Somalia's Islamists
The Shari’a (Islamic law) courts that have sprung up across southern Somalia over the past decade began as essentially clan-based institutions intended to restore security and ...

Islamic Courts Union (Somalia)
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allAfrica: African news and information for a global audience ... The Daily Monitor (Addis Ababa) 29 June 2006 Posted to the web 29 June 2006

Somalia's Islamic Courts Union Investigating Killing of Swedish ...
displayarticle ... The chairman of the Islamic Courts Union, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, left, has talks with the Arab League's ambassador to Somalia, Abdalla Mubarak, June 21 ...

Union of Islamic Courts - Wikileaks
Retrieved from "https://secure.wikileaks.org/wiki/Union_of_Islamic_Courts "





 
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